- pip 安装 pip install scrapy
- 可能的问题:
问题/解决:error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. -
实例demo教程 中文教程文档
第一步:创建项目目录scrapy startproject tutorial
第二步:进入tutorial创建spider爬虫
scrapy genspider baidu www.baidu.com
第三步:创建存储容器,复制项目下的items.py重命名为BaiduItems
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define here the models for your scraped items # # See documentation in: # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html import scrapy class BaiduItems(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() title = scrapy.Field() link = scrapy.Field() desc = scrapy.Field() pass
第四步:修改spiders/baidu.py xpath提取数据
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import scrapy # 引入数据容器 from tutorial.BaiduItems import BaiduItems class BaiduSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'baidu' allowed_domains = ['www.readingbar.net'] start_urls = ['http://www.readingbar.net/'] def parse(self, response): for sel in response.xpath('//ul/li'): item = BaiduItems() item['title'] = sel.xpath('a/text()').extract() item['link'] = sel.xpath('a/@href').extract() item['desc'] = sel.xpath('text()').extract() yield item pass
第五步:解决百度首页网站抓取空白问题,设置setting.py
# 设置用户代理 USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.139 Safari/537.36' # 解决 robots.txt 相关debug ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False # scrapy 解决数据保存乱码问题 FEED_EXPORT_ENCODING = 'utf-8'
最后一步:开始爬取数据命令并保存数据为指定的文件
执行的时候可能报错:No module named 'win32api' 可以下载指定版本安装scrapy crawl baidu -o baidu.json
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深度爬取百度首页及导航菜单相关页内容
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import scrapy from scrapyProject.BaiduItems import BaiduItems class BaiduSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'baidu' # 由于tab包含其他域名,需要添加域名否则无法爬取 allowed_domains = [ 'www.baidu.com', 'v.baidu.com', 'map.baidu.com', 'news.baidu.com', 'tieba.baidu.com', 'xueshu.baidu.com' ] start_urls = ['https://www.baidu.com/'] def parse(self, response): item = BaiduItems() item['title'] = response.xpath('//title/text()').extract() yield item for sel in response.xpath('//a[@class="mnav"]'): item = BaiduItems() item['nav'] = sel.xpath('text()').extract() item['href'] = sel.xpath('@href').extract() yield item # 根据提取的nav地址建立新的请求并执行回调函数 yield scrapy.Request(item['href'][0],callback=self.parse_newpage) pass # 深度提取tab网页标题信息 def parse_newpage(self, response): item = BaiduItems() item['title'] = response.xpath('//title/text()').extract() yield item pass
- 绕过登录进行爬取
a.解决图片验证 pytesseract