Django入门
项目创建和APP创建
- 准备环境
python3
virtualenv
pip3
pip3 install django==1.1- 项目创建,APP创建
django-admin startproject ops
cd ops
python3 manage.py startapp darshboard
cd darshboard #进入项目路径
touch urls.py #创建路由文件- 项目结构如下：
ops/
|-- darshboard
| |-- admin.py
| |-- apps.py
| |-- __init__.py
| |-- migrations
| |-- models.py
| |-- tests.py
| |-- urls.py
| `-- views.py
|-- db.sqlite3
|-- manage.py
`-- ops
|-- __init__.py
|-- settings.py
|-- urls.py
`-- wsgi.py- 项目注册
# vim ops/ops/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'darshboard.apps.DarshboardConfig' #在此处注册darshboard项目
]- 路由注册
# vim ops/ops/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^darshboard/',include("darshboard.urls")), #注册app的urls
]此时，一个完整的流程就好了
hello world
修改darshboard的路由
# vim ops/darshboard/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from .views import index
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^hello/', index,name='index'),
]写一个视图函数
函数视图的定义：
a. 就是一个普通函数
b. 接收一个HttpRequest实例作为第一个参数
c. 然后返回一个HttpResponse的实例
# vim ops/darshboard/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
return HttpResponse('hello world')
项目启动&测试
- 启动项目
python manage.py runserver 0:8080- 访问：
打开本地浏览器输入：
http://211.159.156.251:8080/darshboard/hello/即可访问！
HttpRequest对象
- 由Django创建
属性如下：
HttpRequest.scheme
HttpRequest.body
HttpRequest.path
HttpRequest.method
HttpRequest.encoding
HttpRequest.GET
HttpRequest.POST
HttpRequest.META方法如下：
HttpRequest.get_host()
HttpRequest.get_port()
HttpRequest.get_full_path()
HttpRequest.is_secure()
HttpRequest.is_ajax()- 传递一个字符串作为页面的内容到HttpResponse构造函数
from django.http import HttpResponse
response = HttpResponse("here is the web page")
response = HttpResponse("Text only .please,content_type="text/plain")- 参考的views如下
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
import json
def index(request):
data = {
'name':'wanghui',
'age':20
}
data_1 = ["devops","python"]
#return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data),content_type="application/json") #返回的content-typet
#return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_1),content_type="application/json")
return JsonResponse(data_1,safe=False)
# return HttpResponse("Hello World!!",status=599)模板
为了让数据更加美观。
POST和GET请求
- GET请求与传参
- method
- GET- POST提交数据
QueryDict对象
方法练习
# python manage.py shell
>>> from django.http import QueryDict
>>> data = QueryDict('a=12&a=123&b=233')
>>> data.urlencode()
'a=12&a=123&b=233'数据库同步
- 官方给出的数据库连接设置
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases- 数据库同步相关命令
python manage.py showmigrations
python manage.py sqlmigrate sessions 0001
python manage.py dbshell # 进入shell模式创建用户
- django-shell创建用户
# 方式一：
(venv3) [wanghui@www ops]$ python manage.py shell
Python 3.6.1 (default, Jun 22 2018, 18:25:52)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> User.objects.create_user('rock','12272@qq.com','123456') #创建普通用户
>>> u = User.objects.get(username='rock') #查找用户
>>> u.set_password('654321') #修改密码
>>> u.save() #保存
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 方式二：
(venv3) [wanghui@www ops]$ python manage.py createsupperuser用户登录小练习
重点在于对函数视图的练习
- darshboard/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse,QueryDict
from django.template import loader,Context,Template
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth import login,authenticate
def user_login(request):
# print(request.GET)
# 获取提交过来的用户名&密码
if request.method == "GET": #get请求的话，就直接返回页面
return render(request, 'user_login.html')
elif request.method == "POST": #post就要获取用户名和密码
username = request.POST.get("username")
password = request.POST.get("password")
# 根据用户名取出这个记录是否存在
user_obj = authenticate(username=username,password=password)
if user_obj:
login(request,user_obj)
print("登陆成功!")
else:
print("登陆失败！")
elif request.method == 'DELETE': # 通过delete方法获取请求体
data = QueryDict(request.body) # 获取delete的请求体
print(data)
return HttpResponse("")- darshboard/urls.py #指定路由
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from .views import index,index_template,index_methods,user_login
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^user_login',user_login)
]- darshboard/user_login.html
<ul>
<form method="DELETE" action="#">
<li>用户名：<input type="text" name="username"></li>
<li>密码：<input type="text" name="password"></li>
<li><input type="submit"></li>
</form>
</ul>关于delete方法的请求方式
在linux本地机器上执行：
curl -XDELETE http://127.0.0.1:8080/darshboard/user_login/ -d username=rock -d password=654321