ansible python api 2

发布时间:2019-09-22 07:46:44编辑:auto阅读(1670)

     最近想利用python来调用anbile来实现一些功能,发现ansible的api已经升级到了2.0,使用上比以前复杂了许多。

     这里我参考了官方文档的例子,做了一些整改,写了一个python调用ansible的函数,执行过程中输出执行结果。函数返回执行结果,便于筛选和存储所需的数据:

    # vim exec_ansible.py
    from ansible.inventory.manager import InventoryManager
    from ansible.playbook.play import Play
    from ansible.executor.task_queue_manager import TaskQueueManager
    from ansible.plugins.callback import CallbackBase
    
    class ResultCallback(CallbackBase):
        """A sample callback plugin used for performing an action as results come in
    
        If you want to collect all results into a single object for processing at
        the end of the execution, look into utilizing the ``json`` callback plugin
        or writing your own custom callback plugin
        """
        def v2_runner_on_ok(self, result, **kwargs):
            """Print a json representation of the result
            This method could store the result in an instance attribute for retrieval later
            """
            global exec_result
            host = result._host
            self.data = json.dumps({host.name: result._result}, indent=4)
            exec_result = dict(exec_result,**json.loads(self.data))
    
    
    def exec_ansible(module,args,host):               
        Options = namedtuple('Options', ['connection', 'module_path', 'forks', 'become', 'become_method', 'become_user', 'check', 'diff'])
        # initialize needed objects
        loader = DataLoader()
        options = Options(connection='ssh', module_path='/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible-2.4.1.0-py3.6.egg/ansible/modules/', forks=100, become=None, become_method=None, become_user=None, check=False,diff=False)
        passwords = dict(vault_pass='secret')
    
        # Instantiate our ResultCallback for handling results as they come in
        results_callback = ResultCallback()
    
        # create inventory and pass to var manager
        inventory = InventoryManager(loader=loader, sources=['/etc/ansible/hosts'])
        variable_manager = VariableManager(loader=loader, inventory=inventory)
    
        # create play with tasks
        play_source =  dict(
                name = "Ansible Play",
                hosts = host,
                gather_facts = 'no',
                tasks = [
                    dict(action=dict(module=module, args=args), register='shell_out'),
                 ]
            )
        play = Play().load(play_source, variable_manager=variable_manager, loader=loader)
    
        # actually run it
        tqm = None
        global exec_result
        try:
            tqm = TaskQueueManager(
                      inventory=inventory,
                      variable_manager=variable_manager,
                      loader=loader,
                      options=options,
                      passwords=passwords,
                      stdout_callback=results_callback,  # Use our custom callback instead of the ``default`` callback plugin
                  )
            result = tqm.run(play)
        finally:
            if tqm is not None:
                tqm.cleanup()
            return exec_result


    调用例子:

      我本地ansible的hosts文件如下:

    # more /etc/ansible/hosts
    [testserver]
    192.168.52.128
    192.168.52.135

      调用如下:

      先调用testserver一组主机批量执行date命令:

    >>> from exec_ansible import exec_ansible                             
    >>> test1 = exec_ansible(module='shell',args='date',host='testserver')
    {
        "192.168.52.135": {
            "warnings": [],
            "stderr": "",
            "delta": "0:00:00.003688",
            "_ansible_no_log": false,
            "stdout": "Sat Nov  5 18:54:17 CST 2016",
            "cmd": "date",
            "_ansible_parsed": true,
            "rc": 0,
            "invocation": {
                "module_args": {
                    "removes": null,
                    "executable": null,
                    "creates": null,
                    "chdir": null,
                    "warn": true,
                    "_raw_params": "date",
                    "_uses_shell": true
                },
                "module_name": "command"
            },
            "start": "2016-11-05 18:54:17.563525",
            "changed": true,
            "end": "2016-11-05 18:54:17.567213",
            "stdout_lines": [
                "Sat Nov  5 18:54:17 CST 2016"
            ]
        }
    }
    {
        "192.168.52.128": {
            "warnings": [],
            "stderr": "",
            "delta": "0:00:00.003244",
            "_ansible_no_log": false,
            "stdout": "Sat Nov  5 21:48:38 CST 2016",
            "cmd": "date",
            "_ansible_parsed": true,
            "rc": 0,
            "invocation": {
                "module_args": {
                    "removes": null,
                    "executable": null,
                    "creates": null,
                    "chdir": null,
                    "warn": true,
                    "_raw_params": "date",
                    "_uses_shell": true
                },
                "module_name": "command"
            },
            "start": "2016-11-05 21:48:38.252785",
            "changed": true,
            "end": "2016-11-05 21:48:38.256029",
            "stdout_lines": [
                "Sat Nov  5 21:48:38 CST 2016"
            ]
        }
    }

      

     指定单台执行命令:

    >>> test2 = exec_ansible(module='shell',args='free -m',host='192.168.52.128')
    {
        "192.168.52.128": {
            "warnings": [],
            "changed": true,
            "invocation": {
                "module_args": {
                    "_raw_params": "free -m",
                    "executable": null,
                    "chdir": null,
                    "creates": null,
                    "removes": null,
                    "_uses_shell": true,
                    "warn": true
                },
                "module_name": "command"
            },
            "rc": 0,
            "start": "2016-11-05 21:53:10.738545",
            "_ansible_parsed": true,
            "delta": "0:00:00.002871",
            "stdout_lines": [
                "             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached",
                "Mem:          1869       1786         83          3        312        512",
                "-/+ buffers/cache:        961        908 ",
                "Swap:         4047          3       4044 "
            ],
            "stderr": "",
            "end": "2016-11-05 21:53:10.741416",
            "cmd": "free -m",
            "_ansible_no_log": false,
            "stdout": "             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached\nMem:          1869       1786         83          3        312        512\n-/+ buffers/cache:        961        908 \nSwap:         4047          3       4044 "
        }
    }

     这里可以从输出中取到输出结果:

    >>> stdout = test2["192.168.52.128"]["stdout"]
                 total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
    Mem:          1869       1756        112          2        314        490
    -/+ buffers/cache:        951        917 
    Swap:         4047          4       4043


     我写的脚本有个bug,就是当指定一组主机批量执行的时候,返回的函数中,存储内容的只剩下最后执行命令的那台主机的相关信息,做不到把所有的主机的执行信息存储,希望有大神可以解决这个问题,并不吝赐教!!(已解决,参考更改过的exec_ansible脚本)



    -------后续更新---------------

    注:

          新版本的api相关模块已经修改,故使用方法上也需要整改,本文档的例子已更新api的使用,如上的exec_ansible脚本。


    -----bug解决----

         另外,我在脚本中新增了全局空字典参数exec_result={},分别在class ResultCallback和函数exec_result中进行全局函数声明,用以存储执行过程中所产生的stdout输出,以解决之前脚本的bug(返回函数中,存储内容的只剩下最后执行命令的那台主机的相关信息,做不到把所有的主机的执行信息存储)。

          只需在python主体重定义exec_result = {}这个空字典,即可实现。


    使用如下:

    exec_result = {}
    a = exec_ansible("shell","free -m","test")
    print(a)
    {'192.168.204.128': {'changed': True, 'end': '2017-11-07 15:16:08.970746', 'stdout': '             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached\nMem:          1990       1918         72          3         89       1280\n-/+ buffers/cache:        548       1441\nSwap:         1999          0       1999', 'cmd': 'free -m', 'rc': 0, 'start': '2017-11-07 15:16:08.964010', 'stderr': '', 'delta': '0:00:00.006736', 'invocation': {'module_args': {'warn': True, 'executable': None, '_uses_shell': True, '_raw_params': 'free -m', 'removes': None, 'creates': None, 'chdir': None, 'stdin': None}}, '_ansible_parsed': True, 'stdout_lines': ['             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached', 'Mem:          1990       1918         72          3         89       1280', '-/+ buffers/cache:        548       1441', 'Swap:         1999          0       1999'], 'stderr_lines': [], '_ansible_no_log': False, 'failed': False}, '192.168.204.129': {'changed': True, 'end': '2017-11-07 15:16:08.975201', 'stdout': '             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached\nMem:          1990       1918         72          3         89       1280\n-/+ buffers/cache:        548       1441\nSwap:         1999          0       1999', 'cmd': 'free -m', 'rc': 0, 'start': '2017-11-07 15:16:08.964947', 'stderr': '', 'delta': '0:00:00.010254', 'invocation': {'module_args': {'warn': True, 'executable': None, '_uses_shell': True, '_raw_params': 'free -m', 'removes': None, 'creates': None, 'chdir': None, 'stdin': None}}, '_ansible_parsed': True, 'stdout_lines': ['             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached', 'Mem:          1990       1918         72          3         89       1280', '-/+ buffers/cache:        548       1441', 'Swap:         1999          0       1999'], 'stderr_lines': [], '_ansible_no_log': False, 'failed': False}}



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