BSCI—3:配置EIGRP-MD5认证

发布时间:2019-09-21 11:11:54编辑:auto阅读(1753)

    一、概述:

    EIGRP启用认证,用于防止恶意路由进入EIGRP自治系统导致路由***。EIGRP认证原理采用“密码比对”的形式,在接口受到EIGRP数据包后,检查认证类型、认证密码等字段,如果与本地接口定义的密码串匹配,那么接收该数据包,否则丢弃。

     

    二:认证方式:

    EIGRP有两种认证方式:明文认证与MD5认证,这里我们不推荐使用明文,明文是直接发送字符串给对方之后对比,容易被人通过抓包截获,MD5是通过计算之后得出的值发送给对方对比,这次为大家做的为MD5实验.

     

     

     

    实验:在实验的过程当中会为大家演示一些故障,使大家能够更好的理解.

     

    拓扑如下:


    步骤一:配置接口信息及启用EIGRP发布网段,并且建立邻居关系.

    注:由于字数限制8万,EIGRP的基本配置没有写上来.

     

     

     

    R2 查看EIGRP邻居表:

     

    r2#show ip eigrp neighbors

    IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 1

    H   Address          Interface     Hold Uptime    SRTT   RTO   Q  Seq  Type

                                                (sec)     (ms)          Cnt Num

    0   192.168.1.1       Et0/0         10   00:02:28    3    200   0    2 

    r2#

     

     

     

     

     

    步骤二:两边启用MD5认证,但是KEY-ID不一样,邻居是否能建立,为什么?  (注:故障)

     

     

    R1:

     

    r1#

    r1#conf t

    r1(config)#key chain eigrp       //定义钥匙链eigrp(名字任意取)

    r1(config-keychain)#key 1       //KEY ID为1

    r1(config-keychain-key)#key-string cisco     //密码为cisco

    r1(config-keychain-key)#exit

    r1(config-keychain)#exit

    r1(config)#interface e0/0

    r1(config-if)#ip authentication key-chain eigrp 1 eigrp    //启用EIGRP认证

    r1(config-if)#ip authentication mode eigrp 1 md5      //认证模式MD5

    r1(config-if)#end

    r1#

     

     

     

    R2:

     

    r2#

    r2#conf t

    r2(config)#key chain eigrp

    r2(config-keychain)#key 2       //KEY ID为2

    r2(config-keychain-key)#key-string cisco

    r2(config-keychain-key)#exit

    r2(config-keychain)#exit

    r2(config)#interface e0/0

    r2(config-if)#ip authentication key-chain eigrp 1 eigrp

    r2(config-if)#ip authentication mode eigrp 1 md5

    r2(config-if)#end

    r2#

     

     

    查看邻居表:

     

    r2#show ip eigrp neighbors

    IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 1

    r2#

    //说明没有建立邻居关系,为什么?

     

     

    查看Debug:

     

    r2#debug eigrp packets

    EIGRP Packets debugging is on

    (UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUERY, SIAREPLY)

    *Mar  1 22:31:40.962: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Ethernet0/0

    *Mar  1 22:31:40.962:   AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0

    *Mar  1 22:31:41.187: EIGRP: pkt authentication key id = 1, key not defined or not live

    //这里清楚的看到,收到的KEY ID = 1 ,key没有定义或不存在,因为们的KEY ID为2

    *Mar  1 22:31:41.187: EIGRP: Ethernet0/0: ignored packet from 192.168.1.1, opcode = 5 (invalid authentication)  

     

     

     

     

     

     

    步骤三:双方KEY ID一致,但密码不一致,邻居关系是否能建立,为什么? (注:故障)

     

     

    R2:

     

    r2#

    r2#conf t

    r2(config)#key chain eigrp

    r2(config-keychain)#key 1

    r2(config-keychain-key)#key-string cisco1     //这里密码是cisco1,与r1不一致

    r2(config-keychain-key)#end

    r2#

     

    查看邻居表:

     

    r2#show ip eigrp neighbors

    IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 1

    r2#

    //还是一样没有建立,为什么?

     

    查看Debug:

     

    r2#debug eigrp packets

    EIGRP Packets debugging is on

        (UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUERY, SIAREPLY)

    r2#

    *Mar  1 22:46:14.094: EIGRP: pkt key id = 1, authentication mismatch

    //这里没有显示KEY ID不正确,而是认证不匹配,说明密码不一致.

    *Mar  1 22:46:14.094: EIGRP: Ethernet0/0: ignored packet from 192.168.1.1, opcode = 5 (invalid authentication)

     

     

     

     步骤四:双方KEY ID一样,密码也一样,可以正常建立邻居关系.

     

     

    R1:

     

    r1(config)#

    r1(config)#key chain eigrp

    r1(config-keychain)#key 1

    r1(config-keychain-key)#key-string cisco

    r1(config)#interface e0/0

    r1(config-if)#ip authentication key-chain eigrp 1 eigrp

    r1(config-if)#ip authentication mode eigrp 1 md5

    r1(config-keychain-key)#end

    r2#

     

     

     

    R2:

     

    r2(config)#

    r2(config)#key chain eigrp

    r2(config-keychain)#key 1              

    r2(config-keychain-key)# key-string cisco  

    r2(config)#interface e0/0

    r2(config-if)#ip authentication key-chain eigrp 1 eigrp

    r2(config-if)#ip authentication mode eigrp 1 md5

    *Mar  1 22:51:33.037: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 1: Neighbor 192.168.1.1 (Ethernet0/0) is up: new adjacency        //正常建立,OK!!

    r2(config-keychain-key)#end

    r2#

     

     

     

     

     

    步骤五:分别在R1与R2上验证

     

     

    R1:

     

    查看邻居表:

     

    r1#show ip eigrp neighbors

    IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 1

    H   Address                 Interface       Hold Uptime   SRTT   RTO  Q  Seq Type

                                                (sec)         (ms)       Cnt Num

    0   192.168.1.2             Et0/0             13 00:03:00 1321  5000  0  9  

    r1#

     

     

     

    查看路由表:

     

    r1#show ip route

    Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

           P - periodic downloaded static route

     

    Gateway of last resort is not set

     

         1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

    C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

         2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

    D       2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:23, Ethernet0/0

    C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

    r1#

     

     

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

     

    R2:

     

    查看邻居表:

     

    r2#show ip eigrp neighbors

    IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 1

    H   Address                 Interface       Hold Uptime   SRTT   RTO  Q  Seq Type

                                                (sec)         (ms)       Cnt Num

    0   192.168.1.1             Et0/0             12 00:01:17   20   200  0  8  

    r2#

     

     

     

    查看路由表:

     

    r2#show ip route

    Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

           P - periodic downloaded static route

     

    Gateway of last resort is not set

     

         1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

    D       1.1.1.0 [90/409600] via 192.168.1.1, 00:01:41, Ethernet0/0

         2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

    C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

    C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

    r2#

     

    总结(认证过程):

    只发送最小的一个KEY-D的密钥匙.并携带KEY=ID.当本路由器接受到对方发过来的KEY-ID和密钥时.先匹配收到的密钥的KEY-ID号与自己的KEY-ID号是否相同.如果KEY-ID号有相同的,则看密码是否相同,密码相同则认证通过.密码不同人证不通过.如果对方发过来的KEY-ID号自己没有相同的KEY-ID号,就向下一个匹配一个KEY-ID号中的密钥(既比收到的KEY-ID号大的的下一个KEY-ID),而且只向下匹配一次KEY-ID号中的密钥.既密文认证是先匹配KEY-ID在匹配KEY-ID的内容.

     

关键字