发布时间:2018-03-02 16:22:34编辑:admin阅读(3950)
xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议,跟json差不多,但json使用起来更简单,不过,古时候,在json还没诞生的黑暗年代,大家只能选择用xml呀,至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。
xml的格式如下,就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <data> <country name="Liechtenstein"> <rank updated="yes">2</rank> <year>2008</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/> <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/> </country> <country name="Singapore"> <rank updated="yes">5</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>59900</gdppc> <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank updated="yes">69</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/> <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/> </country> </data>
xml协议在各个语言里的都 是支持的,在python中可以用以下模块操作xml
#!/usr/bin/env python # coding: utf-8 __author__ = 'www.py3study.com' import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET #读取并解析xml文件 tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml") #获得root节点 root = tree.getroot() #节点标签名 print(root.tag) # 遍历xml文档 for child in root: #child.tag就是country,child.attrib就是country的属性,就是name值 print(child.tag, child.attrib) for i in child: #i.tag就是country里面的之列表,比如rank #i.text就是子列表显示的值,比如2 print(i.tag, i.text) # 只遍历year 节点 for node in root.iter('year'): print(node.tag, node.text)
执行输出
data
country {'name': 'Liechtenstein'}
rank 2
....
修改和删除xml文档内容
#!/usr/bin/env python # coding: utf-8 __author__ = 'www.py3study.com' import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml") root = tree.getroot() # 修改 for node in root.iter('year'): #获取每一个年,加1 new_year = int(node.text) + 1 node.text = str(new_year) #增加属性updated node.set("updated", "yes") tree.write("xmltest.xml") # 删除node for country in root.findall('country'): #获取country下的rank值 rank = int(country.find('rank').text) #当大于50,就删除 if rank > 50: root.remove(country) tree.write('output.xml')
执行程序,查看output.xml文件内容
自己创建xml文档
#!/usr/bin/env python # coding: utf-8 __author__ = 'www.py3study.com' import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET,re #根节点 new_xml = ET.Element("personinfolist") #SubElement子节点,new_xml节点名,attrib属性 personinfo = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "personinfo", attrib={"enrolled": "yes"}) name = ET.SubElement(personinfo, "name") name.text = "Zhang Shao Han" age = ET.SubElement(personinfo, "age", attrib={"checked": "no"}) sex = ET.SubElement(personinfo, "sex") #设置属性值 age.text = '23' personinfo2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "personinfo", attrib={"enrolled": "no"}) name = ET.SubElement(personinfo2, "name") name.text = "Liu Yi Fei" age = ET.SubElement(personinfo2, "age") age.text = '19' et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) # 生成文档对象 #xml_declaration表示头部信息 et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True) ET.dump(new_xml) # 打印生成的格式
执行程序,查看test.xml文件
由于默认的write方法,写入文件,代码都挤到一块了。
使用网页工具,进行展示
http://tool.oschina.net/codeformat/xml/
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <personinfolist> <personinfo enrolled="yes"> <name>Zhang Shao Han</name> <age checked="no">23</age> <sex/> </personinfo> <personinfo enrolled="no"> <name>Liu Yi Fei</name> <age>19</age> </personinfo> </personinfolist>
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