Python记录日志的方法

发布时间:2019-09-15 10:03:51编辑:auto阅读(1480)

    日志不管对于开发或者运维都是一项非常重要的东西,它可以用来排错,解决故障,统计分析等。

    本文介绍python中的日志库的用法。


    导入日志库:import logging

    日志库的主要有以下方法:

    1. 获取日志名,比如

      logging.getLogger(__name__)

    2. 定义Handler,比如

      logging.FileHandler('/var/log/messages')

    3. 设置级别,比如

      fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

    4. 定义格式,比如

      formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

    5. 打印日志,比如

      LOG.error("python logging test!!")



    实例1

    下面给出一段脚本用来输出日志到/var/log/messages和屏幕。

    import logging
    LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
    LOG.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
    formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
    fh = logging.FileHandler('/var/log/messages')
    fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    fh.setFormatter(formatter)
    LOG.addHandler(fh)
    ch = logging.StreamHandler()
    ch.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
    ch.setFormatter(formatter)
    LOG.addHandler(ch)
    LOG.error("python logging test!!")

    运行下,你会发现/var/log/messages和屏幕上都会有类似“2015-06-28 07:41:41,527 - test - ERROR - python logging test!!”。


    实例2

    如果只是记录日志到一个文件或屏幕,可以采用简单的方法:logging.basicConfig()

    import logging

    logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log', level=logging.DEBUG)

    logging.error("this is a error test")


    实例3

    下面介绍需要记录日志到不同文件的方法,这时就不能采用logging.basicConfig()了。

    有两个文件,一个是main.py,一个是logger.py ,

    输出到不同的日志文件需要获取不同的日志对象:logging.getLogger()

    cat main.py 

    #!/usr/bin/env python


    import logging

    from logger import logger


    list = ['test1', 'test2']

    msg1 = "This is a testing !"

    msg2 = "This is the second testing !"


    def set_logger(logger_name, log_file, level=logging.INFO):

            #logging.basicConfig(filename=name, level=logging.DEBUG, format='%(asctime)s %(name)s %(message)s')

            l = logging.getLogger(logger_name)

            formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s : %(message)s')

            fileHandler = logging.FileHandler(log_file, mode='w')

            fileHandler.setFormatter(formatter)

            #streamHandler = logging.StreamHandler()

            #streamHandler.setFormatter(formatter)


            l.setLevel(level)

            l.addHandler(fileHandler)

            #l.addHandler(streamHandler)    



    for logger_name in list:

            log_file = logger_name

            set_logger(logger_name, log_file, level=logging.INFO) 

            logger(logger_name, msg1)

            logger(logger_name, msg2)


    cat logger.py

    #!/usr/bin/env python


    import logging

    import os

    import getpass


    def log_flock(runner):

        if runner is not None:

            try:

                fcntl.lockf(runner.output_lockfile, fcntl.LOCK_EX)

            except OSError:

                # already got closed?

                pass

        else:

                pass



    def log_unflock(runner):

        if runner is not None:

            try:

                fcntl.lockf(runner.output_lockfile, fcntl.LOCK_UN)

            except OSError:

                # already got closed?

                pass

        else:

                pass


    def logger(logger_name, msg, flag=None, runner=None):

            log_flock(runner)


            mypid = str(os.getpid())

            user = getpass.getuser()

            log = logging.getLogger(logger_name)

            if flag == 'red':

                    log.error(msg)

            else:

                    log.info(msg)


            log_unflock(runner)


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