Chapter 3 OpenStack认

发布时间:2019-09-02 07:45:26编辑:auto阅读(1191)

    Chapter 3 OpenStack认证服务(Identity service)

    3.1 认证服务的概念

    OpenStack认证服务主要提供以下两种功能:

    跟踪用户及其权限

    通过API端点(endpoint)提供一组可用的服务


    在安装认证服务后,需要为OpenStack其他服务进行注册,这样认证服务就能追踪哪些OpenStack服务已安装以及在网络中所处的位置。


    需要了解一下OpenStack认证服务以下概念:

    用户:任何使用OpenStack云服务的用户、系统、服务的数字化表示。

    证书(credential):确保用户身份的数据。例如用户名和密码的组合、用户名和API键(key)的组合等

    授权(authentication):确认用户身份的过程

    令牌(token):数字-文字文本串,用于访问OpenStack API和资源

    租户(tenant):用于定义组或隔离资源的容器

    服务(service):OpenStack各个服务名称

    终端(endpoint):访问某个服务的URL地址

    角色(role):定义用户权限、可执行的操作

    Keystone客户端(client):OpenStack认证API的命令行接口


    下图展示了OpenStack认证服务的处理流程:

     


    3.2 安装配置OpenStack认证服务

    3.2.1 配置预先环境

    在安装配置OpenStack认证服务之前,需要创建相应的数据库和一个管理员令牌(token):

    [root@controller ~]# mysql -uroot -piforgot

    MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE keystone;

    MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' \

      IDENTIFIED BY 'keystonepw';

    MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' \

      IDENTIFIED BY 'keystonepw';

    MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;

    [root@controller ~]# openssl rand -hex 10

    c63cfc6c7e303d4515e6


    3.2.2 安装配置OpenStack认证服务组件

    1. 安装相关软件包:

    [root@controller ~]# yum -y install openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi python-openstackclient memcached python-memcached


    2. 启动Memcached服务并设置为开机自启:

    [root@controller ~]# systemctl start memcached

    [root@controller ~]# systemctl enable memcached


    3. 编辑/etc/keystone/keystone.conf文件:

    [root@controller ~]# cp /etc/keystone/keystone.conf{,.bak}

    [root@controller ~]# > /etc/keystone/keystone.conf

    [root@controller ~]# vi /etc/keystone/keystone.conf

    [DEFAULT]

    admin_token = c63cfc6c7e303d4515e6

    verbose = True


    [database]

    connection = mysql://keystone:keystonepw@controller/keystone


    [memcache]

    servers = localhost:11211


    [token]

    provider = keystone.token.providers.uuid.Provider

    driver = keystone.token.persistence.backends.memcache.Token


    [revoke]

    driver = keystone.contrib.revoke.backends.sql.Revoke


    4. 填充认证服务数据库:

    [root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone


    3.2.3 配置Apache HTTP服务

    1. 修改/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf文件:

    [root@controller ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

    ServerName controller


    2. 创建/etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi-keystone.conf文件并添加以下内容:

    [root@controller ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi-keystone.conf

    Listen 5000

    Listen 35357


    <VirtualHost *:5000>

        WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-public processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}

        WSGIProcessGroup keystone-public

        WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone/main

        WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}

        WSGIPassAuthorization On

        LogLevel info

        ErrorLogFormat "%{cu}t %M"

        ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-error.log

        CustomLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-access.log combined

    </VirtualHost>


    <VirtualHost *:35357>

        WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-admin processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}

        WSGIProcessGroup keystone-admin

        WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone/admin

        WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}

        WSGIPassAuthorization On

        LogLevel info

        ErrorLogFormat "%{cu}t %M"

        ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-error.log

        CustomLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-access.log combined

    </VirtualHost>


    3. 创建WSGI组件目录结构并导入相关内容,然后修改目录的属性和权限:

    [root@controller ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone

    [root@controller ~]# curl http://git.openstack.org/cgit/openstack/keystone/plain/httpd/keystone.py?h=stable/kilo \

      | tee /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone/main /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone/admin

    [root@controller ~]# chown -R keystone:keystone /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone

    [root@controller ~]# chmod 755 /var/www/cgi-bin/keystone/*


    4. 启动httpd服务并设置为开机自启:

    [root@controller ~]# systemctl restart httpd

    [root@controller ~]# systemctl enable httpd


    3.3 创建服务实体(service entity)和API终端

    OpenStack环境中各个服务都需要一个服务实体以及多个API终端。


    3.3.1 配置预先环境

    1. 配置认证令牌:

    [root@controller ~]# export OS_TOKEN=c63cfc6c7e303d4515e6


    2. 配置终端URL:

    [root@controller ~]# export OS_URL=http://controller:35357/v2.0


    3.3.2 创建认证服务所需的服务实体以及API终端

    [root@controller ~]# openstack service create \

      --name keystone --description "OpenStack Identity" identity

    [root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create \

      --publicurl http://controller:5000/v2.0 \

      --internalurl http://controller:5000/v2.0 \

      --adminurl http://controller:35357/v2.0 \

      --region RegionOne \

      identity


    3.4 创建项目名、用户以及角色

    这里只创建与管理员相关的信息:

    [root@controller ~]# openstack project create --description "Admin Project" admin

    [root@controller ~]# openstack user create --password adminpw admin

    [root@controller ~]# openstack role create admin

    [root@controller ~]# openstack role add --project admin --user admin admin

    [root@controller ~]# openstack project create --description "Service Project" service

    [root@controller ~]# unset OS_TOKEN OS_URL


    3.5 验证操作

    这里不作介绍,请查看http://docs.openstack.org/kilo/install-guide/install/yum/content/keystone-verify.html,注意,整个实验环境不会用到demo项目和用户。


    3.6 创建OpenStack客户端环境脚本

    创建admin项目和用户所需要的客户端环境脚本:

    [root@controller ~]# vi admin-openrc.sh

    export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID=default

    export OS_USER_DOMAIN_ID=default

    export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin

    export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin

    export OS_USERNAME=admin

    export OS_PASSWORD=adminpw

    export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v3

    export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2

    注意,最后导入的环境变量表示镜像服务客户端使用API版本2.0。官方文档将这一变量在镜像服务章节加入的,这里提前介绍。


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